There are currently six aluminium smelters operating in Australia producing 1.94 million tonnes of primary aluminium in 2010, of which approximately 1.69Mt was exported. There is also one smelter operating in Invercargill, New Zealand.

Smelter location tends to be dictated primarily by the availability of low cost energy sources, but is also influenced by other factors such as transport costs and the availability and quality of other infrastructure. All of Australia's aluminium smelters are located close to or on the coastline.

• Bell Bay (Tasmania) - Rio Tinto Alcan
• Boyne Island (Queensland) - Rio Tinto Alcan
• Kurri Kurri (NSW) - Hydro Aluminium
• Point Henry (Victoria) - Alcoa of Australia
• Portland (Victoria) - Alcoa of Australia
• Tomago (NSW) - Rio Tinto Alcan, CSR, Hydro Aluminium